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Main renewable energy technologies

Three energy sources

The majority of renewable energy technologies are powered by the sun. The Earth-Atmosphere system is in equilibrium such that heat radiation into space is equal to incoming solar radiation, the resulting level of energy within the Earth-Atmosphere system can roughly be described as the Earth's "climate." The hydrosphere (water) absorbs a major fraction of the incoming radiation. Most radiation is absorbed at low latitudes around the equator, but this energy is dissipated around the globe in the form of winds and ocean currents. Wave motion may play a role in the process of transferring mechanical energy between the atmosphere and the ocean through wind stress.[15] Solar energy is also responsible for the distribution of precipitation which is tapped by hydroelectric projects, and for the growth of plants used to create biofuels.

Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides and geothermal heat, as the International Energy Agency explains:

"Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is electricity and heat generated from solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources."[16]

Each of these sources has unique characteristics which influence how and where they are used.

 

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Short Term Energy Outlook

Electricity

Consumption.  Total electricity consumption is projected to decline by 0.8 percent in 2009 (U.S. Total Electricity Consumption), including an expected decline of nearly 5 percent in industrial sector electricity sales.  Total electricity consumption is expected to grow by 1.3 percent in 2010 as economic recovery boosts sales of electricity to the residential and commercial sectors.

Prices.  Residential electricity prices, which increased by an estimated 6.5 percent last year, are projected to rise at lower-than-normal annual rates of about 2 percent in 2009 and 2010 (U.S. Residential Electricity Prices).  Industrial electricity prices are expected to increase by just 1 percent in 2009 after having grown by 10 percent last year.

What is Alternative Energy?

Alternative energy is an umbrella term that refers to any source of usable energy intended to replace fuel sources without the undesired consequences of the replaced fuels[1]. Typically, official uses of the term, such as qualification for governmental incentives, exclude fossil fuels and nuclear energy[2][3][4] whose undesired consequences are climate change and difficulties of radioactive waste disposal. Over the years, the nature of what was regarded alternative energy sources has changed considerably, and today because of the variety of energy choices and differing goals of their advocates, defining some energy types as "alternative" is highly controversial.

Define Solar Energy

Solar energy is the radiant light and heat from the Sun that has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar radiation along with secondary solar resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass account for most of the available renewable energy on Earth. Only a minuscule fraction of the available solar energy is used.

More About Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources—such as sunlight,[2] wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished). In 2006, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewables, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood-burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3% (15% of global electricity generation),[1] followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.8% of final energy consumption.[1]